Ethically Training Artificial Intelligence

In the world of artificial intelligence, one of the greatest challenges is developing AI systems that are not only intelligent but also act according to ethical norms and values that align with those of humans. One approach to this is training AI using law books and case law as a foundation. This article explores this method and looks at additional strategies for creating an AI with human-like norms and values. I also made this suggestion on behalf of the Dutch AI coalition to the Ministry of Justice and Security in a strategy paper we wrote commissioned by the ministry.

Using GANs to Identify Gaps

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can serve as a tool here to discover the gaps in legislation. By generating scenarios that fall outside existing laws, GANs can bring potential ethical dilemmas or unaddressed situations to light. This enables developers to identify and address these gaps, giving the AI a more complete ethical dataset from which to learn. Of course, we also need lawyers, judges, politicians, and ethicists to fine-tune the model.

Possibilities and Limitations of Ethically Training an AI 

While training on legislation offers a solid starting point, there are some important considerations:

1. Limited Representation of Norms and Values Laws do not cover all aspects of human ethics. Many norms and values are culturally determined and not recorded in official documents. An AI trained exclusively on legislation may miss these subtle but crucial aspects.
2. Interpretation and Context Legal texts are often complex and subject to interpretation. Without the human capacity to understand context, an AI may struggle to apply laws to specific situations in an ethically responsible manner.
3. Dynamic Nature of Ethical Thinking Societal norms and values evolve continuously. What is acceptable today may be considered unethical tomorrow. An AI must therefore be flexible and adaptable to handle these changes.
4. Ethics Versus Legality It is important to recognize that not everything that is legal is ethically right, and vice versa. An AI must have the ability to look beyond the letter of the law and understand the spirit of ethical principles.

Supplementary Strategies for Human Norms and Values in AI

To develop an AI that truly resonates with human ethics, a more holistic approach is required.

1. Integration of Cultural and Social Data

By exposing the AI to literature, philosophy, art, and history, the system can gain a deeper understanding of the human condition and the complexity of ethical issues.

2. Human Interaction and Feedback

Involving experts from ethics, psychology, and sociology in the training process can help refine the AI. Human feedback can provide nuance and correct where the system falls short.

3. Continuous Learning and Adaptation

AI systems must be designed to learn from new information and adapt to changing norms and values. This requires an infrastructure that enables continuous updates and retraining.

4. Transparency and Explainability

It is crucial that AI decisions are transparent and explainable. This not only facilitates user trust but also allows developers to evaluate ethical considerations and adjust the system where necessary.

Conclusion

Training an AI based on legal codes and jurisprudence is a valuable step towards developing systems with an understanding of human norms and values. However, to create an AI that truly acts ethically in a manner comparable to humans, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. By combining legislation with cultural, social, and ethical insights, and by integrating human expertise into the training process, we can develop AI systems that are not only intelligent but also wise and empathetic. Let's look at what the future can bring

Additional resources:

• Ethical principles and (non-)existent legal regulations for AI. This article discusses the ethical requirements that AI systems must meet to be reliable. Data and Society
• AI Governance Explained: An overview of how AI governance can contribute to the ethical and responsible implementation of AI within organizations. AI Personnel Training 
• The three pillars of responsible AI: how to comply with the European AI Act. This article covers the core principles of ethical AI applications according to the new European legislation. Emerce
• Training Ethically Responsible AI Researchers: a Case Study. An academic study on training AI researchers with a focus on ethical responsibility. ArXiv